Civil War 4

This is one of Mark Noll's summary paragraphs and puts clearly the damage done to theology by the war:

But the Civil War was won and slavery abolished not by theological orthodoxy but by military might and a hitherto unimaginable degree of industrial mobilisation. Although the war freed the slaves and gave African Americans an equal claim to citizenship, it did not provide the moral energy required for rooting equal rights in the subsoil of American society or for planting equal opportunity throughout the land... [the war] did not offer clear moral guidance as to how the mobilisation could be put to use for the good of all citizens. The evangelical Protestant traditions that had done so much to shape society before the war did possess theological resources to address both America's deeply ingrained racism and its burgeoning industrial revolution. But the Civil War took the steam out of Protestants' moral energy...The theology that had risen to pre-eminence in the early 19th century continued to work effectively for vast multitudes in private; but because of its public failing during the war, it had little to offer American society more generally in the decades that followed the war.

Noll, p.160

Civil War 3 (providence)

Another interesting stress point concerned Providence. Not only were many on both sides claiming authority from the Bible, they also believed that God was involved in human affairs. This led to commentators and preachers from North and South interpreting events, battles, decisions etc within the context of what God was doing - and with a great deal of certainty too.

But as the war dragged on, fatalities increased, and deeper complexities became apparent, this certainty in providence also became an issue of weakness. Contradictory interpretations, hideous turns of event...and then even after the war, both sides interpreting the outcome as endorsing their view - either as total vindication, or as discipline on a sinful people.

In the midst of this, maybe it was natural to slide towards thinking the real resolution of the war was not God but force of arms, organisation and management, and industrial mobilisation? And so 20th century America?

Civil War: America's Darwin?

Just started reading The Civil War as a Theological Crisis by Mark Noll. Only read the first few pages but a thought (unsubstantiated at the moment) struck me.

I think Noll's argument will be that the US Civil War accelerated the loss of the Bible perceived as authoritative in America. The crux: both sides of the slavery debate equally claimed the Bible as justifying their position. Suddenly, what many had assumed with confidence was a book which gave clear moral guidance for all of life, was now being used to argue two utterly opposed points of view. And this led to one of the most devastating wars in history. This shook belief in Scripture, and also opened the door for some to claim the Bible was OK but could be trumped by other matters of principle.

This sounds similar to the effect of Darwinism on Victorian Britain. And then: given that the majority of Americans today believe God created the world, it occurred to me that Darwinism has not had the same effect in the US as in Europe; at least not to the same degree. And yet the effective loss of Scripture as dependable for all society is similar. Perhaps the Civil War was, to some degree, America's Darwin?